They are organized by the Srpska asocijacija amerikog fudbala (SAAF). Reviews may also highlight any negative aspects of a company that will help in evaluating it as a prospective employer. Individual salaries will, of course, vary depending on the job, department, location, as well as the individual skills and education of each employee. ANALYSIS: What Percentage of Penalties are Scored? The table is accurate as of the end of the 202122 season. Category: Serbian American Football Leagues April 11, 2021 SAFSrbija (Serbian American Football League) 2004-2006 SAFSrbija Logo [References: 1] SAFS League 2004 [References: 2] [References: 2] SAFS Cup 2005 [References: Compiled from results and Table in 4] ANALYSIS: How Many Goals Are Scored from Direct Free Kicks? The Yugoslav First League was played since 1992 with clubs from Serbia and Montenegro, until 2006, when Montenegro declared independence and subsequently formed its own league system. Find your market worth with a report tailored to you, No results found. In 2019, IFAF created a new biyearly cycle. So the Indiansmanagement did good job by signing James Fayed III an American coach, who has had great experience in football coaching and scouting all over the world (NFL, Arena Football, Europe, CFL). Coach Hoopingarnerwillhave Bojan Milic and Predrag Durlic Vujic, as assistants with experience from the Serbian national team. Below are the ten largest stadiums in Serbia of clubs who are competing or have competed in the Serbian top division of football. A football fanatic and a Juventus supporter since childhood, but also keeps an eye on various sports around the globe. In 2012, Serbia won the European Championship C Division after beating Switzerland in the final and advanced to the B division. om ons te informeren over dit probleem. Serbia has even formed its American Football national team, which played its first ever official international match against Slovenia on October 18th, 2005 and won with the score of 38-0. Whichever team wins will play in the SuperLiga the following season. The following 16 clubs compete in the Linglong Tire SuperLiga during the 202223 season.[2]. The following table shows the top 150 annual salaries among J.League palyers in 2021. For years, the National Football League (NFL) had recruited soccer- playing foreigners as kickers, . A year later, in 2003, is when the true revolution of the American football in Serbia has begun, with the foundation of new teams (Wild Boars, Belgrade Wolves, etc. See what employees say it's like to work at Serbian Association of American Football. They get their players from teams of the Central European Football League. Sheffield earned their place in the fifth . Changes wont be saved until you sign up for an Enhanced Profile subscription. Contents 1 European Championships 2 Roster 3 See also 4 References 5 External links questo messaggio, invia un'email all'indirizzo To search for jobs in other locations, fill in the title and locations to begin your search. No salaries for American 7s Football League. While one would argue that the Catalans unwise management is the main cause of their financial woes, the strict salary cap rule deepened their crisis, causing them to lose the services of Lionel Messi as they couldnt make enough room for his wages on their reduced wage bill. After the downfall of SFR Yugoslavia in 1991 a new Yugoslavia would be formed that would be named FR Yugoslavia with Montenegro and Serbia. The league's official sponsor until 2015 was beer brand Jelen pivo, this resulted in the league's official name to be Jelen SuperLiga. The Eirball.world website is intended to an All-Time Archive of Irish Lacrosse and World Sports Results, Standings and statistics. People's Reviews on The Indoor Football League, FT - Family Law Paralegal Marietta (2219), FT Administrative Assistant/Research Assistant - Perimeter Area (2202). Regardless if youre fast, slow, tall, short, old, young or skinny, you are most likely going to find the perfect position on an American football team. Nous sommes dsols pour la gne occasionne. Pay, Whether you are hiring a single employee , or an entire department of, The labor market is a strange place right now. All Rights Reserved. The 2005 season saw an expansion to 10 teams, necessitating a two-phase league, with teams divided into three groups, followed by a second phase whereby the top team in each group played a further match against the other (Group 1-3) as did the 4 to 6 Group and 7-10 Group. Head coach Sasa Stojanovicwas in big trouble, but eight players decided to come back from retirement and help the team. Most consecutive league games without defeat (undefeated run): 57. SportKlub Slovenia is also broadcasting live Serbian Superliga matches. They entered the CEFL in placeof theKragujevac Wild Boars, but also are ready to take their place in Serbian Bowl at the end of the season. While some would believe that this rule is a necessity in all major European leagues, the Italian top clubs have recently reduced their wage bills despite the absence of a regulation that forced them to take such measure. EP 2013: Srbija obezbedila opstanak u B grupi, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serbia_national_American_football_team&oldid=1116366401, This page was last edited on 16 October 2022, at 06:02. What is the average salary for Arena Football League employees in the United States? Se continui a visualizzare For the 2019/20 season, the average salary for U23 players was 2.1million, while players aged 23-29 and 30 plus had average salaries of 3.5 and 3.2 million respectively. They get their players from teams of the Central European Football League . The best goal difference in a single season: +94. Aiutaci a proteggere Glassdoor dimostrando che sei una persona reale. Although, up until 20 years ago, the people of Serbia has (even Europe) known very little about the American football, but the things have significantly changed in the last decade or so. real person. League co-founder Bill Polian, an ESPN NFL analyst, said the league will give players three-year, non-guaranteed contracts worth $250,000 each. Teams playing in the 202223 Serbian SuperLiga are indicated in bold. MondayFriday: 7:00AM to 11:00PM In addition, they earn an average bonus of 761 . All content is posted anonymously by employees working at Serbian Association of American Football. Here's what people are saying about The Indoor Football League. The two bottom placed teams are relegated to the second division, the Serbian Prva Liga. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VvU_Fc1IVas, SAAF - Slovak Association of American Football. The second keyplayer is Pat Riley, who also decided to come back to Legionaries. The Nacionalna Liga Srbije (NLS) (Serbian National League) was a league of American football in Serbia . After two seasons with that format the Football Association of Serbia decided to add 4 teams to the SuperLiga. Aydanos a proteger Glassdoor verificando que eres una persona real. Base Salary (USD) $3,559,424/year View Hourly Rate Sombor played one season in 2006 finishing with a 2-2 record, losing 20-7 in the Semi-Finals to eventual winners Klek Knights. Salary: $86,154 The New York Times Avg. [EXPLAINED]. Jul 25, 2022 In the 2019 Japanese Soccer League (J1) season, the average annual player salary for the first team squad of Vissel Kobe amounted to approximately 1.57 million U.S. dollars. The third lowest-placed team is then sent to a relegation playoff against the third-placed team in the second division. to let us know you're having trouble. Claim your Free Employer Profile. [1] SAFS (2007)header01[Internet] Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20071214072649im_/http://www.safsrbija.com/img/header01.jpg[Accessed 11 April 2021], [2] SAFS (2007)Sezona 2004[Internet] Available from:http://web.archive.org/web/20071214072649/http://www.safsrbija.com/safs-tabela04.php[Accessed 11 December 2020], [3] SAFS (2007)Rezultati 2004[Internet] Available from:http://web.archive.org/web/20071214072639/http://www.safsrbija.com/safs-rezultati04.php[Accessed 11 December 2020], [4] SAFS (2007)Kup 2005[Internet] Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20071214072628/http://www.safsrbija.com/safs-kup05.php[Accessed 11 December 2020], [5] SAFS (2007)Sezona 2006[Internet] Available from:http://web.archive.org/web/20071214020546/http://www.safsrbija.com/safs-tabela06.php[Accessed 11 December 2020], [6] SAFS (2007)Rezultati 2006[Internet] Available from:http://web.archive.org/web/20071214020541/http://www.safsrbija.com/safs-rezultati06.php[Accessed 11 December 2020], Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the, Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive, (c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2021. The Vukovi Beogradhas dominated Serbian league for the last four seasons. However, with Bayern Munich CEO Oliver Kahn talking about the need of a salary cap in the Bundesliga, we wouldnt be surprised to see the rule taking shape in the future, as the Bavarians are considered to be the leading force within German football on and off the pitch. Location. Ken Hale (defensive back), who did great job last year, earning special status has returned to the Wild Boars family, and will be the teams second import this season. You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. With a new coach in Doug Adkins, who has great experience in coaching all over the Europe (Danube Dragons (Austria), Prague Blackhawks (Czech Republic) and theCarlstad Crusaders (Sweden)it looks like they are ready for big things this year. Therefore, introducing a salary cap could be the next step in UEFAs plans to construct a fair financial system based on economical equality. Serbia was placed in Group A - Division A with France and the Czech Republic. Then things became even better when theAngel Warriorssigned two imports. The Premier League side defeated Preston North End 3-0 in the last round. While its popularity is fast growing, attracting huge amounts of followers and sponsorship deals, the rest of the World somehow still has not managed to grasp its value and is miles away of raising the significance of the sport on the national level. Salary: $86,604 International Spy Museum Avg.. Just last season I made seven Serbians over $150,000 USD betting on Football. According to Jon Price the worlds most successful and notable handicapper. [EXPLAINED]. In this day and age, football fans are now used to watching almost the exact same clubs dominating their domestic leagues year after year. Well try to answer all these questions and more. The highest paid player in the A-League is Nani whose salary is 23,000 per week and 1,196,000 per year. Turn a photo into a hand-illustrated digital portrait in your team's colours! The average salary of The Indoor Football League jobs will vary according to location, department, and job description. League. They may also reveal information or provide tips on interviewing skill requirements, and other factors that could help when applying for a position at that company. It seems as if both the Kragujevac Wild Boars, former EFAF Cup finalist (2011), and Novi Sad GAT Dukeshave done a great job recruiting in the off season and intend to challenge Vukovi for the crown. The SuperLiga began as a league with a playoff system in an attempt to boost ratings and improve competition. Each team will have a 38-player active roster and a seven-person practice squad. Salary: $85,332 Chihuly, Inc. Avg. Currently in the below list only seven of these clubs are competing in the Serbian top flight, them been as follows: Red Star, Partizan, Vojvodina, Radniki Ni, Radniki Kragujevac, Napredak Kruevac and Spartak Subotica. Als u dit bericht blijft zien, stuur dan een e-mail In their first season in the elite Serbian Division last year, the Indjija Indianssurvived with a record of 2-5, but this year they do not want that kind ofstress. para nos informar sobre o problema. Click the company name to explore its salary ranges and a comparison with pay at The Indoor Football League. Al-Ahli Saudi Sport Club have a total of 35 players in their home squad. The point of a salary cap is to introduce a fair system that allows all clubs to compete on a more equitable level. . In fact more Serbians are now contacting us for help betting on American Football at our company https://sportsinformationtraders.com now than ever because they are realizing how thrilling it is to watch and how much money they can earn betting on sports. Work Here? seamlessly into the cultural and historical milieu of a given community, while addressing the functional needs of the people who will interact with our buildings and spaces. Shortly after the Serbian Association of American Football (SAAF)was founded, and in 2004, with a total of 5 teams that were founded, the first American football season was held in Serbia. The average Premier League footballer earns just over 60,000 per week which is more than 3 million per year. The average salary of The Indoor Football League is $3,559,424 in the United States. They have signed contracts with quarterbackAlexander McKeanand wide receiverWill Powell, both of whom have played previously in Germany (Kirchdorf Wild Cats and Schwabisch Hall Unicorns). While some of the lower tiers in the country have adopted a salary cap rule, the English pride themselves of owning the most attracting domestic league in the world, filled with quality sides from top to bottom. Three players left the team, but 15 new ones will be donning the colors of theNovi Sad Dukes and that is the best indicator of their ambitions in next season. J. A shift towards, Handling involuntary termination is a likely occurrence for human resources managers and, Return better results with Payscale job search, Compare real living costs across different states, Consider potential directions your career can take, Calculate the 20-year net ROI for US-based colleges, Are you the kind of person who struggles to get a handle, Learn where the best career earners attended college, The highest reported salary for an employee at All American Football League is currently $NaN / year, Streamlined solutions for every step of the compensation management journey, Continuously updated compensation datasets from Payscale and our partners, Flexible, customizable services and support for Payscale customers, End comp guesswork with our free job-pricing tool, From collection to validation, our data methodology delivers certainty, Meet the leaders dedicated to empowering better conversations around pay, Track and compare wage-growth by city, industry, company size, and job category, Access helpful tools and insights for career planning and salary negotiation, Explore real-world career trends and advice from the leaders in compensation, Uncover detailed salary data for specific jobs, employers, schools, and more, Take our salary survey to see what you should be earning. Squad for 2019 European Championship matches against Czech Republic and France: Srbija ampion Evropskog prvenstva C grupe! Wir entschuldigen uns fr die Umstnde. The former Serbian Superleague will now become theSerbian First Division. This is the Serbian Association of American Football company profile. The bottom clubs would be relegated to the two Second Leagues depending on the republic they were based in, the Second League of Serbia (Druga savezna liga Srbija) and the Second League of Montenegro (Druga savezna liga grupa Crna Gora). If you continue to see this Please help us protect Glassdoor by verifying that you're a Therapy. J1 is the superior rank division. Instead, the 12 teams began playing each other three times in a more conventional league format. The league was set to resume its season a stark contrast to the American sports landscape, where sports are on hiatus before Japan declared a state of emergency on Tuesday because of the . The Serbian Srpska Asocijacija Amerikog Fudbala (SAAF) top league kicks off its 2015 season this weekend! The ultimate gift for any football fan that loves visiting new stadiums. enva un correo electrnico a It has three divisions, J1, J2, and J3. Serbian top level football has been played in 27 stadiums since its formation in 2006. scusiamo se questo pu causarti degli inconvenienti. The Serbian National American Football Team is the official American football senior national team of Serbia. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. The Women's Super League salary cap may be raised if it is stopping clubs from attracting world-class talent, says the Football Association's Kelly Simmons. [9], / Mozzart Bet Super liga, Serbian League (19201922 / 19401944 / 19451946), First League of Federal Republic Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro (19922006), Serbian all-time champions (1923present), All time Serbian football clubs in European and World competitions, List of all former and current foreign football players in Serbia, "IO FSS: Doneta odluka o popunjavanju Super lige i Prve lige Srbije", http://www.utakmica.rs/2-jelen-super-liga-2011-2012/poseta/, "UEFA European Cup Coefficients Database", "Sportske.net - Potpisano - Linglong Super liga! 5 million yuan (533,000) for domestic players. The main purpose from FFP rules is to prohibit the clubs from spending more than what they earn. However, due to the economical impact of Covid-19, the EFL decided to withdraw the rule as of February 2021. You can unsubscribe from job alert emails any time. Kragujevac Wildboars defeated Beograd Vukovi (Wolves) 21-6 in Serbian Bowl I (also possibly known as American Bowl I). In a vlog with a sea devils player it was said they can't do a living with the salaries. Youngest player used: 16 years, 0 months and 7 days. INFOGRAPHIC: Re-Arranging the Football League by Attendance, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjdBELHif20, Should the Premier League have a salary cap? [1] In 2013, Serbia won 5th place in the European Championship B division after beating Spain 300.[2]. The Alliance of American Football salaries: How much does The Alliance of American Football pay? Its foundation was started towards the end of the 19th century. They will be hard pressed though to repeat last seasons success when they won theSerbian Bowl, theCEFL Bowl and made the finals of the IFAF Europe Champions League. The league's minimum wage is $30,000, while the . With winning the Serbian second division with a record of 6-0 and scoring 402 points while allowing only 42 points, theCacak Angel Warriorsstaged a furious return to the Serbiantop division. Lamentamos pelo inconveniente. After all, witnessing the richest clubs dominate the poor mans game makes for a cringing sight. Most team goals against in a single season: 65. Serbian SuperLiga was officially declared the successor of the First Leagues of FR Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro. No data is available based on your input. Si continas viendo este mensaje, ).Shortly after the Serbian Association of American Football (SAAF) was founded, and in 2004, with a total of 5 teams that were founded, the first American football season was held in Serbia. They are organized by the Srpska asocijacija amerikog fudbala (SAAF). Clubs voted for a limit of 2.5m and 1.5m for the respective divisions. The Panthers finished last season in fifth place, with a record of3-4 and that is something that does notfulfill their ambitions. , REPORT: Which Premier League Clubs Are in Debt? He will try to help the Indians to change their way of thinking and playing. According to our data, the highest paying job at Arena Football League is a COO at $200,000 annually . This rule if and when implemented should in theory replace UEFAs Financial Fair Play rule. Saturday & Sunday: 7:30AM to 10:00PM, SAFSrbija (Serbian American Football League) 2004-2006, http://web.archive.org/web/20071214072649im_/http://www.safsrbija.com/img/header01.jpg, http://web.archive.org/web/20071214072649/http://www.safsrbija.com/safs-tabela04.php, http://web.archive.org/web/20071214072639/http://www.safsrbija.com/safs-rezultati04.php, http://web.archive.org/web/20071214072628/http://www.safsrbija.com/safs-kup05.php, http://web.archive.org/web/20071214020546/http://www.safsrbija.com/safs-tabela06.php, http://web.archive.org/web/20071214020541/http://www.safsrbija.com/safs-rezultati06.php. Serbia competed in European Championship B division along with Czech Republic, Great Britain and Italy. Therefore, it feels somewhat unfair to punish the clubs who managed to run successful business modules by preventing them from freely spending their incomes. Even though they have failed to reach the Division A and be among the best European American Football Countries, Serbia can be considered as the frontrunner of the American football when it comes the professionalism and popularity among all of the regional countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Hungary, Bulgaria, etc.) The team from Kragujevachas notsigned an importquarterback this season and that is the biggest difference compared to previous seasons. The ambitious Serbian coach had a lot of help from Ciro Jordanov (who played for theCologne Falcons last season) , who will miss this year due to injury. After dominating in D2 theNorth Legionaries will try to stay in the Serbian first division. It should be noted that thanks to their shrewd dealings and successful business model, German clubs are often enjoying better tidings on the economical level compared to their European counterparts even if doesnt always transmit to success on the pitch. We take a deep dive into what's impacting employee retention and what employees are looking for in their new role. , The SAFSrbija Serbian American Football League was inaugurated in 2004, playing what appears to have been unkitted contact American Football. We believe that great design is contextual, timeless and has the capacity to engage the intellect and elevate the human spirit. This year, Messi, generally now considered to be the best player. A year later, in 2003, is when the true revolution of the American football in Serbia has begun, with the foundation of new teams (Wild Boars, Belgrade Wolves, etc.). And does it truly work? Full schedule and standings can be found here. Step-By-Step Pay Equity Analysis Guide Product Guide By clicking Download Product Guide, Do you know what your employees really want for the holidays? With the wide spread use of internet and social media, the people of Serbia have started to learn more about the game and it didnt take long for the first American football enthusiasts to start fantasizing about starting the first ever Serbian American football team. Management. After the first season however, the SuperLiga changed its format. The Premier League doesnt have a salary cap, and theyre unlikely to introduce one anytime soon. Club with overall SuperLiga hat-tricks: 12. Before you decide whether variable pay is right for your org, get a deeper understanding of the variable pay options and the cultural impact of pay choices. Practice squad players will earn about $15K on average for the season. They lost two players, members of Serbian National team, but signed 10 more showing that they are serious in winning the 2015 Serbian Bowl. Sports. With our focus on fun, safety i9 Sports - Hanover and Henrico Counties, VA - Based on an idea of Umberto Agnelli, the honor of Golden Star for Sports Excellence was introduced to recognize sides that have won multiple championships or other honours by the display of gold stars on their team badges and jerseys. The deciding match in Group 1-3 was the Final match won 20-7 by Vukovi over Wild Boars. How many times do we see a club overspending while chasing rapid success only to falter few years later under the heavy load of outstanding debt. On November 9th against European champions France in Lille Serbia played a great game but eventually lost 713 and missed a chance to qualify for the final tournament. However, implementing salary caps on European clubs can be unfair. The first team team founded in Serbia, theSirmium Legionaries from Sremska Mitrovica, returnedto the Elite division after a few years of playing in the Serbian second division. The Eternal derby is the game that attracts most attention from the foreign media. With young and very talented Serbianplayers and with years experience behind them in the elite Serbian division, the Indiansare counting on a better year in 2015. Dobrodoli na zvanini veb-sajt Srpske asocijacije amerikog fudbala. A salary cap is a rule implemented by a certain sporting association or governing body that limits the amount of money that clubs can spend on the wages of their athletes. Your email address will not be published. Fredericksburg The SerbianSrpska Asocijacija Amerikog Fudbala (SAAF) top league kicks off its 2015 season this weekend! The average football player gross salary in Italy is 30.208 or an equivalent hourly rate of 15 . As we mentioned in a previous study, EPL has some financial rules, but theyre very basic ones and far from being strict. Ci Jon also mentioned that having betting shops and legal sportsbooks all over Europe makes wagering more accessible for the European market compared to the U.S. market. The USFL also promises victory bonuses rumored to be $850 a player. Here are some other companies that are located close to The Indoor Football League. Nonetheless, every club should be able to decide how to spend the money, as long as its not exceeding the financial limits. That year SAFSrbija played a two-division set-up with the Northern (Sever) Champions Klek Knights defeating Southern (Jug) Champions Kraljevo Royal Crowns 16-7 in Serbian Bowl II. How much do Afl - Australian Football League employees earn on average in the United States? Wages, bonuses, taxes and image rights, plus agents' and other relevant fees, will be included within the cap but bonuses . Required fields are marked *. Sure, a 5000/1 fairy tale like Leicester City can ensue once in a lifetime, but we can all expect the likes of Chelsea and Manchester City to reclaim the throne soon enough. In addition, they earn an average bonus of 1.013 . As one of the most successful football clubs in world history with an estimated 700 million supporters globally, Manchester United Football Club is often expected to be competing for silverware every Why Do Ireland Play Rugby as One Country? The playoffs are scheduled forJune 21, and this yearsSerbian Bowl is scheduledfor July 4. Since the implementation of FFP rules, it was no longer enough for European clubs to earn their qualification to the UEFA competitions through their domestic leagues, but they also have to regulate their balance sheets in compliance with the organizers strict financial rules, otherwise, they run the risk of receiving severe punishments, including disqualification from the European competitions. An entry level football player (1-3 years of experience) earns an . | ESPN FC Extra Time (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9U7jW5E6Xyo), Make 40 TODAY With Outplayed's Free Trial. The table shows below the name of the job title below you may be interested in including salary range and total compensation. The league winner had access to the UEFA Champions League qualifications rounds, and the 2nd, 3rd and the Cup winner had played in the UEFA Cup. Arena Football League employees earn $37,500 annually on average, or $18 per hour, which is 55% lower than the national salary average of $66,000 per year. Just like its name says, the American football originates from the USA. A-League (Australia) $2.5 million. United States. One of them wont be able to help his teammates on the field. note: Teams divided into 3 Groups for first phase, playing two games each within group. The complete list of the top-10 earners for the 2022 NFL season is below: Aaron Rodgers, QB (Green Bay Packers): $50.3 million. La Liga (Spain) 70% of the club's revenues. The best proof of is that the league has become very attractive for foreign players and coaches, who are joining some of the local teams, thus increasing the quality of the league, and assuring the future growth of the game in Serbia. Transform pay with our enterprise-grade comp platform, Automate compensation with our full-suite solution, Payscale's employer-reported salary data network, The world`s largest employee-submitted pay database, Annual survey salary data from HR industry publishers, The crowdsourced compensation data API for developers, 100% company submitted data from 2,000+ businesses, Schedule a personalized demo to feel the power of Payscale, Find salary information for similar job titles and locations, Comp Planning Business Case Pitch Deck By clicking Download Pitch Deck, you. VA, ZipRecruiter ATS Jobs for ZipSearch/ZipAlerts - 17 days ago, St. Christopher's School - The Indians signed quarterbackCharles Babbfrom the USA and three players from Australia: running backTroy Wykes, defensive linemanJordy Kickettand linebackerScott Savage. Salary estimates based on salary survey data collected directly from employers and anonymous employees in Italy. Satisfied with his offensive line, the two running backs with extraordinary speed, a dual threat quarterback and an offensively-oriented defensive squad, Fayed is looking for more wins in next season. However, despite the loss, Serbia has impressed with the level of quality and the potential that, with no doubt, is a result of the years of hard work and continues development of the sport in the country. A total of 3 clubs were champions, all from Serbia, Partizan (8 times), Red Star (5 times) and Obili (once). For 2007 the SAFSrbija League was divided between a fully kitted helmets and pads league and an unkitted contact league, with a Playoff between the top two teams in the SAFSrbija League and the top two teams in SELAF (CAFL) for the National Championship of Serbia (see following years).