In today's post, Gettysburg Licensed Battlefield Guide Deb Novotny describes some highlights of the life of Samuel Weaver, one of . @1861), Emma Maria (b. In 1863, in the aftermath of the Battle of Gettysburg, efforts quickly got underway to bury the thousands of dead men scattered around the town. Basil Biggs was nothing if not industrious. Of the 137 sets of remains sent to Raleigh and honored with a dedication ceremony on October 1 were 45 soldiers buried at Camp Letterman and 27 buried at the Jacob Hanky Farm on the Mummasburg Road, which served as a field hospital for Maj. Gen. Robert Rodes Division. Michael E. Ruane is a general assignment reporter who also covers Washington institutions and historical topics. Today. Dr. Rufus Benjamin Weaver was a professor of human anatomy at Hahnemann Medical College and a pioneer in the field of anatomy. estimated that approximately 7,800 men were killed during the three days of that battle, Think Youre a Gettysburg Fan? A payment of $3,000 to Weaver was included in the general appropriations bill. Eight years later, in December 1901, he wrote again to Egerton, asking if she would again go to Richmond, either with him or on her own. Camp Colt was the Tank Corps' "preliminary training" facility ("310th Tank Center" by October). Instead, the serenity we see today was, in 1863, a horrifying scene of carnage everywhere one looked, and it took months of strenuous, stomach-turning labor to transform the ghastly aftermath into a proper place of burial where the living of the townand the nation as a wholecould commune with the dead through prayer and song. 3. They were buried in corn fields, in orchards, under apple trees, along roadsides, in woods and beside creeks. During that summer of 1871, the family of Lt. Col. David Winn of the 4th Georgia contracted with Weaver to collect and return his body, which had been buried on the David Blocher Farm. People Projects Discussions Surnames Did Biggs have nightmares? Kate Pleasants Minor, the new secretary of the HMA, referred to it as thunder in a clear sky. Many who were members in 1871-73 had died or moved away. George Washington had complained vociferously about the flood of questionable foreign volunteers. Skip Ancestry main menu Main Menu. . Residents carried around bottles of peppermint oil and pennyroyal to mask the stench. L.H. The men picked up coffins at the railway station, brought them to the original burial site, and, under the supervision of a man named Samuel Weaver, took their time to inspect and remove the remains. With the body of Sgt. in History and a Certificate in Revolutionary Era Studies. Explore. In the immediate post-war period, the South had to focus on physically rebuilding its infrastructure and rebuilding its ties with the north; it did not have the money or resources to tend to the Confederate dead. How it ended. It was established at the "Camp, U.S. Our 9 best-selling history titles feature in-depth storytelling and iconic imagery to engage and inform on the people, the wars, and the events that shaped America and the world. As Creighton reveals, By November 19, 1863, when Edward Everett and Abraham Lincoln spoke to the throngs at Gettysburg, Basil Biggs and company had reburied close to a thousand men. Biggs himself couldnt read or write, but he must have realized that moving north would afford his children opportunities out of reach in his home state. The obituary says nothing, however, about his selfless efforts to return the Confederate dead at Gettysburg to their native soil, efforts that went largely unrewarded. Without a central government to handle reburying the war dead, the task fell to local citizens. Weaver agreed to forgo the interest if the original principal of $6,356 could be paid. The last exhumations undertaken that year were of North Carolina soldiers. (The camp was named for Samuel Colt by the last week of February). It is estimated that approximately 7,800 men were killed during the three days of that battle. Some of them were in trenches, side by side. He was living in Adams County, PA when he died. To CorRESPONDENTS. 1 Roy, Paul L., editor, "Pennsylvania at Gettysburg: The Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg" (Gettysburg: Times and News Publishing Company, 1939).. 2 For reasons noted above, any such list is bound to omit some names, including those of veterans who attended at their own expense. It appears that Egerton might have taken a different tack this time, for in 1902 a member of the Richmond chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy reported to the HMA that an appeal had been made to UDC chapters across the South for the funds needed to pay the remaining debt owed to Weaver. 2. The men picked up coffins at the railway station, brought them to the original burial site, and, under the supervision of a man named Samuel Weaver, took their time to inspect and remove the remains. She holds a B.S. Gettysburg Compiler August 18, 1896. Soon enough, though, the challenge of proper burial . In the days after the Confederate Army retreated from the North in July 1863, civilians labored to bury the thousands of soldiers lying dead in towns and hillsides across south-central Pennsylvania. Family and friends can send flowers and condolences in memory of the loved one. He was contracted to be the superintendent for the exhuming of the bodies of union soldiers on the battlefield. Capt. A thousand former Confederate soldiers followed, preceded by former Southern generals, including George E. Pickett, whose grand assault at Gettysburg had been smashed in the battles climax. . This reference book provides information on 24,000 Confederate soldiers killed, wounded, captured or missing at the Battle of Gettysburg. I am therefore somewhat at a loss to understand why you have been waiting for us to move in the matter. Brother of Thomas Weaver and Richard Weaver. After the Battle of Gettysburg Samuel was appointed by Pennsylvania governor Andrew Curtain to oversee the exhumation of Union soldiers for . As early as 1865, his father had started to get inquiries from Southern families seeking help finding the remains of loved ones killed at Gettysburg. Mrs. Brown went to the bank early that day, he reported, but nothing could be done. Shippensburg . Reared in Gettysburg, Levi enlisted in Company I of the 127th Pennsylvania in August 1862. Weaver must have been a compassionate man, or perhaps he sensed a future business opportunity, for he made a record of Confederate graves where he found them. As many as nine rebels were accidently buried among their Yankee foes, according to the National Park Service.). Reporter covering local news, Washington institutions and historical topics. If there was a headboard, he ordered it nailed to the coffin. So, after the Sons of Good Will opened Lincoln Cemetery, were black soldiers later buried in the Gettysburg National Cemetery that Biggs had helped consecrate during the Civil War? A great Southern Relief Fair was held in Baltimore in April 1866, the proceeds of which were intended to help recovery efforts in the still devastated South. Each time a dead soldier was dug up on the shattered battlefield here, the short, bearded figure of Samuel Weaver was there with his iron hook to ensure that it was not a rebel. Reports began to reach Southern ears in the summer of 1869 that the Northern graves of their fallen sons were being obliterated by years of plowing and neglect. These 7 Foreigners Helped Win the American Revolution. William S. Hodgdon, of the 20th Maine, had a fish hook with him. To avoid notice, arrest and possible death under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, Biggs would wait until night to bring the fugitives to the home of another free black man, Edward Mathews, in Yellow Hill. Samuel Weaver was born in month 1823, at birth place, Kentucky. The first African-American Civil War soldier to be buried there was Henry Gooden, 127th USCT, in 1884 (this was a re-burial, since Gooden had originally been buried at the Adams County Almshouse burying-ground).But, Guelzo was quick to add, no others were buried there until 1936. What this meant, Guelzo suspected, was that a de facto segregation policy was the rule until then. Accordingly, some [t]wenty-nine black Civil War veterans were buried before 1920 in the colored cemeterythe Lincoln Cemetery [or Good-will Cemetery, since it was originally created by a black mutual-aid society, the Sons of Good-will]on Long Lane.. Gettysburg must have appealed to him as a safe haven for his family, in a state famous for its long history of opposing slavery. She earned her M.A. Black News and Black Views with a Whole Lotta Attitude. In a letter written to Mrs. K.L. Thomas Doman, of the 25th Ohio regiment, was found with $4 and a gold locket. In her bookThe Colors of Courage: Gettysburgs Forgotten History, Margaret Creighton notes that Biggs began working for others at the age of four. Allen Guelzo, author of Gettysburg: The Last Invasion,identifies him as a free black teamster in Baltimore., Although much about Biggs early years remains unclear, it is certain that in 1858 he moved his family from the slave state of Maryland to the free state of Pennsylvaniato a little town called Gettysburg. Editors note:For those who are wondering about the retro title of this black-history series, please take a moment to learn about historianJoel A. Rogers, author of the 1934 book100 Amazing Facts About the Negro With Complete Proof,to whom these amazing facts are an homage. He is also editor-in-chief ofThe Root. WEAVER Samuel B. Weaver, 81 years old, Columbus, Ohio, died August 19, born January 31, 1926 in Gettysburg, PA. One thing for sure: We can never think of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg or Lincolns Gettysburg Address again without remembering that the noble labor of black men made both possible. Born 3 Aug 1600 in Cardigan Parish, Shropshire, England. Dimmock replied that the suggestion contained in your last [letter] is scarcely available, as our ladies could not ask the aid you propose. 10/13/68), Eliza J. This page lists soldiers named August Sungrist through Isaac Sweeney who served in Pennsylvania infantry units during the Civil War. The farm happened to be on Cemetery Ridge, a critical piece of the Gettysburg battlefield. In making the dead and their families whole, Biggs saw a way to make his family whole. Amazing Fact About the Negro No. He included a list of what was found. It worked. A Ladies Memorial Association was established in almost every major city in the South, its purpose being to care for the graves of Confederate dead. Rodney Kennedy has his M.Div. His efforts are noted on a beautiful monument erected in Raleighs Oakwood Cemetery in 1997, where 137 sets of remains that Weaver recovered were reinterred in 1871. The clue to that lies in a comment made in a draft letter written by a member of the HMA in late 1891. Weaver had completed the work promised, and had upheld his fathers legacy, but unfortunately the Hollywood Memorial Association never raised enough funds to pay him for the job. The ladies ignored the board and immediately went to work. To that end, the Sons of Good Will put up the money to buy half an acre, which, to echo Lincolns Gettysburg Address, would provide for black soldiers a final resting place for those who gave their lives that that nation might live. They called it theSons of Good Will Cemetery, which, over time, came to be known as Lincoln Cemetery. Index cards for these men are not in NARA microfilm publication M554, Index to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations From the State of Pennsylvania (136 rolls) because the cards were never received by NARA. The funds were deposited at Brown Lancaster & Co. of Baltimore, paid to the order of Mrs. A.D. Egerton of that city. On June 20, 1872, a solemn procession of wagons bearing Richmonds first shipment of Confederate dead from Gettysburg made its way along Main street toward Hollywood Cemetery. He wrote a story of grief . There were thousands of bodies, in all stages of decomposition, from skeletal to well-preserved, depending on where and when they had been buried. (Biggs was never reimbursed for the damages to his property. They would not finish their workwhich amounted to more than 3500 corpsesuntil the Middle of March 1864. In other words, it took President Lincoln little more than two minutes to orate what he had written, while it took Biggs and his crew four months to finish their grisly task. This letter was written in pencil, and the thickness with which some words were written conveys the extent of her irritation. Confederates, eventually, went to homes and cemeteries across the South. After-all, he had known which burial places not to disinter in 1863. Dont miss Episode 3 of Finding Your Roots tomorrow night! Egerton responded by calling upon a number of people in Richmond whom she thought might have some influence in the matter, among them Stiles and Dr. Hunter McGuire, and members of the now-revived HMA. Going Home: The Exhumation and Re-Burial of the Gettysburg Confederate Dead Samuel Weaver, the Gettysburg resident hired to exhume the Union bodies from their original burial places, had been told. His list, however, had passed into the hands of his son, Rufus. Amazingly, as you will see in Episode 3 of Finding Your Roots, she didnt know about Biggs, even though she had grown up visiting the Gettysburg battlefield with her family. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. by Rodney Kennedy . In 1849 be enter- ed Dickinson seminary, and three years ater entered the janior class of Dickin- son college, graduating in 1855, In 1858 he was admitted to the bar opening an office in Gettysburg. Every now and then I read in the papers of work going on in raising money for the erection of monuments etc. William Samuel Weaver Obituary. Samuel Hodgman served with the Seventh Michigan Volunteer Infantry Unit of the Union Army at the Battle of Gettysburg. But there were also diaries, photographs, letters, a rosary and Bibles. They Say He Burned Down the Reichstag. The visit must have proved satisfactory to all parties, for in February 1872 Weaver supplied Dimmock with a list of the remains he intended to collect and apparently suggested that the ladies apply to the state of Pennsylvania for financial assistance with the project. He has been a general assignment reporter at the Philadelphia Bulletin, an urban affairs and state feature writer at the Philadelphia Inquirer, and a Pentagon correspondent at Knight Ridder newspapers. The agreed-upon price was $3.25 for each set of remains. There is absolutely no money to get and no legal steps by which you could secure it if there were is written in thick strokes. The same census tracked Biggs move up (in more ways than one). Besides being in possession of his fathers lists, his knowledge of human anatomy prepared him for the business of recognizing and retrieving human remains. It is located just outside Gettysburg Borough to the south, in Adams County, Pennsylvania. It would have been far too dangerous for everyone involved. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. 3. In June 1873, however, Colonel W. C. Carrington, a member of the Southern Cross Brotherhood in Richmond (a fraternal organization of former Confederate officers), informed Egerton that Mrs. Brown had told him that she had enough Gettysburg funds to finish removing all our dead from that point but they were in the hands of a banker who will finally pay out but [has] suspended and thus locked the money up for the present. Carrington told Egerton that Weaver could safely rely on eventual payment of all due on that score.. Weaver was asked to travel to Richmond to meet with the board, which included such influential members as Robert Bryan, attorney, financier, and newspaper editor; W.E. Pennsylvania hastily moved to construct the Gettysburg National Cemetery to hold the Union dead. Meet the Man Whos Made It His Lifes Work, A Clash of Confederate Personalities at Gettysburg, An Infantryman Returned to the Jungle to Look for His Friends Remains, https://www.historynet.com/hundreds-of-confederates-were-buried-in-gettysburgs-fields-this-mans-task-was-to-send-them-home/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot. He billed the ladies $2,151 for these shipments, for which he received payments totaling $880. The bodies of Confederate soldiers were left where they lay. His efforts to get paid for it proved to be nearly as difficult. He married Eva Nancy Burton on 6 September 1884. . The constant farming over the graves, the remains were generally yielding to decay or absorption, and hence the work had to be done then or never, he wrote years later. Thats exactly what our investigation bore out. Subscribe to our HistoryNet Now! The women appealed to a man named Samuel Weaver, who had been responsible in 1863 for transferring the remains of fallen Union soldiers into the Soldiers National Cemetery in Gettysburg. Samuel Weaver is the shorter person on the far right with the long beard and notebook in his hand. He had been awarded $1,356, on paper, but Congress never released the funds to repay him.) Blocher removed the plate and refused to give it up until he was given $10. He was married for 55 year . Many news organizations assigned reporters to follow the battles and skirmishes, among them prominent New York Times correspondent Samuel Wilkeson, whose nineteen-year-old son was killed on the first day of battle at Gettysburg; Thomas Morris Chester (1834-1892) of the Philadelphia Press, the war's only African American reporter; and Uriah Hunt Painter (1837-1897), a writer for the . Many of the photographs taken during the cemetery's consecration ceremonies have been attributed to the Weavers. The ladies of the HMA certainly attempted to collect what was due them from Maury & Co. It is interesting that on the lists that accompanied each shipment, Weaver made careful notes about the original burial location for each set of remains. In his final report, David Wills, the Gettysburg lawyer who led the effort to create the national cemetery, spoke for families North and South. Casualties are listed by state and unit, in many cases with specifics regarding wounds, circumstances of casualty, military service, genealogy and physical descriptions. Acting under the authority of an 1862 act of Congress, the War Department began torebury the Union dead into what became known as national cemeteries. The perseverance of the president of the association, however, aided by [an unnamed] farmers wife, finally secured his permission without compensation. It is unknown if Jacob actually changed his own name during his life time.About 1759 he married Fronica (Veronica) Barr. As early as 1865, his father had started to get inquiries from Southern families seeking help finding the remains of loved ones killed at Gettysburg. Soldiers were generally buried where they fell, and any farmers field was likely to contain a grave. GDCW154 V10 Made by the Review of Reviews Company Picture removed 353979270423 On January 7, 1864 Pennsylvania's Governor Curtin appointed David Wills, Esq. HistoryNet.com is brought to you by HistoryNet LLC, the worlds largest publisher of history magazines. In no instance was a body allowed to be removed which had any portion of the rebel clothing on it, Weaver reported. . He could usually tell by the shoes, undergarments or coat. Between the Confederates and Unions . Mr. Maury has given landed security and the matter is eventually secured and Dr. Weaver will certainly secure funds when realized. Unfortunately, Major Stiles was wrong. Southern armies were in a similar predicament. The Biggs were married in 1843. They petitioned influential members of the legislature, and Board member Joseph Bryan presented their claim before the state Finance Committee. It would be later after the war ended that attention would turn to bringing the Southern dead home. cemeteries found in Gettysburg, Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Apparently, farmer John Rose was not sympathetic to their mission. The man holding the book in the photo is Samuel Weaver, Peter's father. This unit was assigned to the Army of the Potomac in 1861 and fought the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in battles leading up to Gettysburg, including the Battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. ET on PBS), I learned something that took myand Annasbreath away. But Sam Weaver had a son: Rufus Weaver. The original obligation was created in the decade following the end of the Civil War, when Southern women sought to provide proper resting places for their fallen husbands, sons, and fathers. BEATY - TWINAM, Married on the 27th ult by the Rev. 13, 1811] GETTYSBURG, Pa. Four score and 79 years ago this Saturday, Abraham Lincoln stood up in the newly dedicated cemetery for Union soldiers who fell at Gettysburg and delivered one . In the summer of 1863, Confederate Army Gen. Robert E. Lee was riding a tidal wave of momentum. He had been suffering for some time from heart disease, but was able to go around, and to do some little jobs of work on his lot. Southern mothers still had no sons to bury. Rufus Weaver lived to the ripe old age of 95, passing away peacefully in 1936. The Hollywood Memorial Association held ceremonies for the returning heroes and set aside a section of the cemetery specifically for the Civil War dead. . And another unknown soldier was found with a handkerchief spread over his face. From there, the escaped slaves would flee to Canadaand freedom. Nov. 18, 2022. We are sad to announce that on November 21, 2022, at the age of 90, William Samuel Weaver of Carlisle, Pennsylvania passed away. Dimmock that you should be the go between them and me, feeling that her involvementone of their own, he called herwould make them more comfortable in their dealings with him, a stranger. In a letter written to the family on October 9, 1871, Weaver referred to Blochers depravity and meanness but assured them that other graves were being cared for and respected by the landowners. It was dedicated Nov. 19, 1863, and immortalized in a speech given there by President Abraham Lincoln. Basil Biggs. Who could possibly owe him a sum of that size? This week's article is by Gettysburg Connection contributor Jenine Weaver. The UDC was a product of the 1890s, and its membership and influence were beginning to eclipse that of the older memorial associations. With more than 50,000 estimated casualties, the three-day engagement was the bloodiest single battle of the conflict. It was a gruesome task. By 1873, he had exhumed and shipped from Gettysburg the remains of more than 3,000 Southern soldiers to Richmond, Raleigh, Savannah and Charleston. In some cases, skeletons wearing tattered Union uniforms lay in plain sight. Heres what we learn in a July 20, 2013, posting on the Blog of Gettysburg National Military Park about the artist John Bachelder, who devoted himself to preserving the history and memory of the battle for future generations: If a single monument were selected to represent [John] Bachelder and how he viewed the battle it would be the High Water Mark monument at the Copse of Trees on Cemetery Ridge, along Hancock Avenue. Each also harbors a less well-known story of burialand reburial. Samuel Weaver. (b . Learn more about merges. Exhumations of the estimated 2,500-3,000 bodies remaining on the field began on April 19, 1872. Despite the money still owed to him, Weaver commenced work again in the spring of 1873, shipping 333 sets of remains on May 17 in time for the Memorial Day celebration on Gettysburg Hill. This Republic of Suffering. Bachelder worked harder to have this monument erected than any other on the field. @1855), Michael (b. Rufus Weaver was born in Gettysburg in 1841 and graduated from Pennsylvania (now Gettysburg) College in 1862. Weaver used the hook to probe into clothing pockets for items that might help with identification, according to a witness. In the months and years after the titanic Civil War battle here in July 1863, Weaver was part of a vast and grisly enterprise in which the bodies of thousands of soldiers, first Union and then Confederate, were exhumed and moved. view on February 6, 1864. Samuel Weaver reported 3,512 total Union bodies "taken up and removed to the Soldiers' National Cemetery" October 27-March 18.: . 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