Fertility:The walnut, the palm, the olive and the fig, which usually require diverse conditions, flourish together here. Hippos, Gerasa, and Gadara were all counted in the Decapolis, an informal grouping of Greco-Roman cities just south of the ancient city of Caesarea Philippi. Well, it seems Eusebius didnt arrive at his Gergesa idea alone; it appears he may have just been following Origens (185-253 CE) commentary on John where we read: Origen, John. See CAPERNAUM. 3. All three Synoptic Gospels ( Mark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39; Matthew 8:28-34) mention the "swine miracle," although with variations. In a few moments the air was thick with mist, through which one could hear the roar of the tortured waters. This is a difficulty for Marks account the pigs would have had to trot many miles from the country of the Gerasenes before they even reached the hillside that overlooks the lake, never mind actually get to the lake itself. The demons inside the man beg to be allowed to enter a nearby herd of swine, numbering about 2,000 according to Mark. One of the most significant sites on the eastern shore is the place where the so-called swine miracle is thought to have occurred. Galilee is one of the USA city. The site became apparently known since at least the Early Muslim period as Kursya,[2] the Aramaic word for "chair", and later as Kursi, a word with the same meaning in Arabic,[3] The monks built a walled monastic complex there and made it a destination for Christian pilgrims. It is as if this chamber (which once had a tower) was built to protect or preserve the boulder. to Capernaum, to Bethsaida . In 1970, while clearing land for a new road to the Golan Heights, a bulldozer operated by the Ministry of Public Works turned up large quantities of Byzantine pottery and then began to unearth the ruins of ancient structures. Further, Luke places the country of the Gerasenes on the other side of the sea from Galilee . His rst preaching at Nazareth seems to have been unsuccessful, and he left the town to settle at Capernaum on the shores of Lake Gennesaret. Drains in the street reflect a high standard of living, as do the pottery and various other small finds such as coins and decorated glass vessels. By protecting the boulder with a massive tower and building a chapel behind and above it, the early Christian fathers both commemorated and sanctified a site that Christian pilgrims could relate to the life of Jesus. The Moslem conquest followed shortly thereafter in the seventh century. Many are the ruins of great and splendid cities on slope and height of which almost nothing is known today. 2019 Dr. Andrew Jackson. A friend recently asked about the geographical problem of Mark 5 so I thought Id write up some thoughts on the topic. Nearly opposite Tiberias is the stronghold of Chal`-at el Chocn, possibly the ancient Hippos, with the village of Fik, the ancient Aphek, on the height to the East. Gerasa, one of the cities of Decapolis and the capital of the country of the Gerasenes, lay around 37 miles/60 kilometres away from the Sea of Galilee in what is today the city of Jerash in Jordan.3The country of the Gerasenes did not reach the Sea of Galilee (an important point that we'll get to in a bit). The Name:The first syllable of the name Gennesaret is evidently the Hebrew gan, "garden"; while the second may be a proper name. Some of the auxiliary rooms of the church and its chapels were closed off completely; others were converted to domestic or industrial use. The Sea of Galilee is Israel's largest freshwater lake. The Valley of Kursi, or Wadi Samak, is still rich in fertile farming land. Many ancient tombs are to be seen in the face of the hills. In about ten minutes the wind fell as suddenly as it had risen. Ewing. Around 150 years later Origen comes along, and, knowing that Matthews attempted fix isnt watertight, relocates the event to Gergasa based on what is probably an ancient tradition. If Capernaum were at Khan Minyeh, then the two lay close together. A few years later, Matthew, using Mark as a source for his own gospel, either misses Marks theological point or wants to achieve something else with his text and attempts to correct the events location. GENNESARET, lake of, same as Tiberias, sea of. Ronald E. Heine, Vol. On the Sea of Galilee there are frequent storms. South of el-Mejdel the mountains advance to the shore, and the path is cut in the face of the slope, bringing us to the hot spring, `Ain el-Fuliyeh, where is a little valley, with gardens and orange grove. Two paved streets with double colonnades cut through the city at right angles, four massive pedestals still marking the point of intersection. In contrast to the western shore, the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee has usually lain outside the area of the Christian pilgrims principal interest. The hot springs, as noted above, are in the bottom of the valley to the North. In the South it is watered by the stream from Wady el-Chamam, the gorge that opens to the West of el-Mejdel.2. After all its not far off 300 years after the events. distance from capernaum to gerasenes. TIME. From this date the era of the city was reckoned. It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. 2023 Biblical Historical Context. See GENNESARET, LAND OF. Giu 11, 2022 | how to calculate calories per serving in a recipe. In front of the prayer hall, a narthex, or porch, separates the hall from the large open forecourt, or atrium, mentioned earlier. Mark 6:53 When they had crossed over, they came to land at Gennesaret, and moored to the shore. The abundance of fish at each place furnished a good reason for the recurrence of the name.W. The ancient walls may be traced in almost their entire circuit of 2 miles. The Gadarenes captured some of the boldest of the Jews, of whom several were put to death, and others imprisoned (ibid., 5). The soil is deep, rich loam, of amazing fertility. The names of many ancient places have been lost, and others have strayed from their original localities. It became the seat of a bishopric, and one of its bishops attended the Council of Chalcedon. John 1:44 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter. The ruins include those of two theaters, a basilica, a temple, and many important buildings, telling of a once great and splendid city. The ridge sinks gradually to the East, and falls steeply on the other three sides, so that the position was one of great strength. , Johannes P. Louw and Eugene Albert Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1996), 716. We discovered these images when we lifted the columns and reopened the blocked doorways. Kefar-nahum, "Village of Nahum") was a prosperous . From Mount Tabor to Capernaum: Step 27: From Caperaum to Nain: Step 28: From Nain to the second Galilean preaching tour: Step 29: From the second Galilean preaching tour to the country of Gerasenes: Step 30: From he country of Gerasenes to Capernaum: Step 31: From Capernaum to Jerusalem: Step 32: From Jerusalem to Nazareth: Step 33 Most of the sites in the area of the Sea of Galilee, like all the sites mentioned above, lie on the western shore, so it is natural that this side of the lake proved more attractive and was more often the goal of visitors. From this point the plain of Gennesaret (el-Ghuweir) sweeps round to el-Mejdel, a distance of about 4 miles. Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern (Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. Jerusalem: 31.7857: 35.2007: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 126.65 km: Harry M. Jol, Gloria I. Lpez, Haim Cohen, Michal Artzy, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39, Matthew 8:28-34, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gergesa&oldid=1129180387, Articles needing additional references from January 2009, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 December 2022, at 00:24. (iii) Mark says that the boat started to go unto the other side to Bethsaida, while John, gives the direction "over the sea unto Capernaum" (Mark 6:17). Lucius Annius, at the instance of Vespasian, sacked and burned the city, with much slaughter (BJ, IV, ix, 1). This two-terraced structure, consisting of a memorial, or landmark, tower and a chapel above, undoubtedly was thought to mark the very site of the miracle that cured the demoniac. (ii) No case can be cited where the phrase eis to peran certainly means anything else than "to the other side." However, later, probably after the Persian invasion in 614 A.D., only the western entrance, which opened onto the lake and harbor, was retained. Login & Purchase. unique traits of plants, animals and humans. ), and "the lake" (Luke 5:1, etc.). Christian artifacts from Kursi can be viewed at the Golan Archaeological Museum. In most cases they have gone, leaving not even their names with any certainty behind; but His memory abides forever. Contradictions, The pigs would still have had to have been long distance runners not the picture painted for us in Mark or Luke where the herd is on the hillside close to the water. Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight."[1]. Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post. Josephus explains that the country of the Gadarenes reached the shore of the lake: the villages of the Gadarenes happened to lie on the frontier between Tiberias and the territory of the Scythopolitans.4. He gave it a free constitution. On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. Luke 10:13 "Woe to you, Chorazin! The ruts worn in the pavement by the chariot wheels are still to be seen.That there was a second Gadara seems certain, and it may be intended in some of the passages referred to above. The city of Gadara is represented today by the ruins of Umm Qeis on the heights south of el-Chummeh-the hot springs in the Yarmuk valley-about 6 miles Southeast of the Sea of Galilee. Tabor and approaching the edge of the great hollow, on a bright spring day, when the land has already assumed its fairest garments, the view of the sea, as it breaks upon the vision in almost its whole extent, is one never to be forgotten. Jesus'-Ministry, Its fair to say this is one of the weirder gospel narratives. It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). Luke 5:1 Now it happened, while the multitude pressed on him and heard the word of God, that he was standing by the lake of Gennesaret. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Jerusalem to Capernaum, It takes 0.14 hours to arrive. Ed.) In the small bay nearby, we can still see the remains of a well-constructed harbor used both for sea travel and by the fishing industry during the Roman period (first to fifth centuries A.D.). Cataloging is a continuous work in progress, however, and we welcome your input to enhance our understanding and presentation of the collection. The demons inside him gave him such strength that he was able to break all the chains and fetters that were intended to subdue him. Gadara was the capital of Matthews country of the Gadarenes. , The name Gerasenes is to be associated with the modern city of Jerash, located in Transjordan, 22 miles N of Amman. John McRay, Gerasenes, ed. A herd of swine running headlong down the mountain would here inevitably perish in the lake (Matthew 8:32, etc.). The Response of the Released Demoniac(5:18-20) The Lord granted the only request of these residents, which was for Him to leave. The chapel has an apse constructed within a natural rock shelter. A party in the city surrendered it to Vespasian, who placed a garrison there (BJ, IV, vii, 3). From Mount Tabor to Capernaum: Step 27: From Caperaum to Nain: Step 28: From Nain to the second Galilean preaching tour: Step 29: From the second Galilean preaching tour to the country of Gerasenes: Step 30: From he country of Gerasenes to Capernaum: Step 31: From Capernaum to Jerusalem: Step 32: From Jerusalem to Nazareth: Step 33 All three of these New Testament variants have solid textual support. General Description:The sea lies in the deep trough of the Jordan valley, almost due East of the Bay of Acre. This it is that lends its highest charm to "the eye of Galilee. Eusebius of Caesarea (260313 CE10) in his Onomasticon (basically a long list of place names with explanations of their location), not content with his available options of Gerasa and Gadara Eusebius decided to add a third candidate: Eusebius, Onomasticon, 74: Gergesa There the Lord healed the demoniacs. Only the mosaic in the baptistery can be dated with certainty. At eT-Tabgha in the North, at `Ain el Fuliyeh, South of el-Mejdel, and on the shore, about 2 miles South of modern Tiberias, there are strong hot springs. It is mentioned in some ancient manuscripts of the Gospel of Matthew as the place where the Miracle of the Swine took place, a miracle performed by Jesus who drove demons out of two possessed men and into a herd of pigs. It was besieged by Baldwin II, in 1121 A.D. Some of these sites, such as Capernaum, have a continuous and uninterrupted place in the history of Christian pilgrimage, beginning as far back as the first centuries of our era. Judas of Gamala (Ant., XVIII, i, l) is also called Judas of Galilee (ibid., i, 6). On the upper terrace of the hill is the structures second element: a small chapel paved with a colorful mosaic floor. The surface is 680 ft. below the level of the Mediterranean. The southern city, therefore, should be understood as "the capital of Peraea" in BJ, IV; vii, 3.Gadara was a member of the DECAPOLIS (which see).W. Was Marks knowledge of the Decapolis shaky? Jesus agrees, so the demons or unclean spirits leave the man and enter the swine, which then rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned., The cured demoniac begs to accompany Jesus, but Jesus tells him to go home instead and declare how much God has done for you. The cured demoniac then declares to all how much Jesus had done for him. According to Mark, he proclaims it even in the cities of the Decapolisand all the men marveled.. The rooms on each side of the prayer hall were used for auxiliary purposes. Why would Matthew do that? Interpreting the reference to the hillside as anywhere but the steep banks that encircle the lake is geographically problematic: the record describes a pretty short run for the pigs their stampede was quickly over. (iii) If the 4th Gospel was not written until well into the 2nd century, then the apostle was not the author; but this is a very precarious assumption. Demonology, v.71). Click to reveal Although the miracle goes under the name of the Gadarene swine, it seems that the name Gerasenes is nearer the mark, as this was the land of Geshur in ancient times. Sites such as Capernaum, the center of Jesus mission before he left for Jerusalem; Bethsaida, the birthplace of the apostles Andrew, Peter and Philip; Magdala, the home of Mary Magdalene; Tabga, where the miracle of the multiplication of loaves and fishes occurred; and the Sea of Galilee itselfall are places that to the Christian recall events connected with Jesus life, the miracles he performed and the sacred words he uttered. A Christian laymans perspective on the intersection between archaeology, historical criticism, text, and faith. The greatest breadth is in the North, from el-Mejdel to the mouth of Wady Semak being rather over 7 miles. Jerash, ancient Gerasa Distance between Tel Aviv and Capernaum (117,32 km.) Recently the German Catholics made extensive purchases, including the village of el-Mejdel. Tiberias: 32.795858: 35.530975: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 10.19 km: Capernaum shall be brought down to Hades' (Matthew 11:21-23; Luke 10: 13- 15). Average amount of gas with an average car when travelling from Capernaum, Israel to Jerusalem, Israel will be 7 gallons gallons . However, Im not alone in thinking that this isnt the best explanation.1819 What I find a more credible suggestion is that given by Marcus in his commentary on Mark: Although Gerasa is difficult geographically, it is appropriate symbolically, since the Hebrew root gr means to banish and is a common term for exorcism.20. They are closed by carved stone doors, and are used as storehouses for grain, and also as dwellings by the inhabitants. Rooms known as pastophoria, which played an important part in the ritual and the liturgy, flank the apse. Reland (Pal, II, 806) notes certain extant coins of Gerasa, from which it is clear that in the 2nd century it was a center of the worship of Artemis. The first two are in the Authorized Version. It is the only place fitting Matthew's description, since it contains the only "steep bank" in the area descending all the way to the shore of the lake. ge-nes'-a-ret he ge Gennesaret):1. It is almost 20 miles from Amman (Philadelphia), and 22 from Fahil (Pella). Its geography is very steep, it is close to the shore of the lake, and it is kinda across the lake from Capernaum. I just think that in this case theres a better explanation. Ewing. Therefore it was no contrary wind that carried them toward Capernaum and the "land of Gennesaret." PLACE. John 12:21 These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, "Sir, we want to see Jesus. These differences caused copyists of the gospels to perform no end of monkey-business with the sentence there are 3 variants for each of the synoptic gospels.2 Were looking at a genuine problem that was recognised very early. Kursi disappeared entirely until a bulldozer rediscovered it more than a thousand years later. Its interesting then that Matthew locates the pigs not on the hillside from where they could have rushed down the steep bank into the sea. A relatively large tell, no doubt the urban center of the area, stands about 300 yards from the monastery discovered by the bulldozer. The NT references ( Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26; cf. Considerable portions have also passed into the hands of Jews. ", beth-sa'-i-da (Bethsaida, "house of fishing"):(1) A city East of the Jordan, in a "desert place" (that is, uncultivated ground used for grazing) at which Jesus miraculously fed the multitude with five loaves and two fishes (Mark 6:32 Luke 9:10). Settlers in the valley thereafter confined themselves to the area immediately on the shore. , Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 1-13, vol. A steamer plies on the sea between the station at Semakh and Tiberias. That monastery was destroyed by Sassanid Persian armies in 614 CE, partially rebuilt, and finally levelled by the 749 Galilee earthquake. There the Jordan, issuing from the sea, almost surrounds the mound on which are the ruins of Kerak, the Tarichea of Josephus Crossing the floor of the valley, past Semakh, which is now a station on the Haifa-Damascus railway, we find a similar strip of plain along the eastern shore. To the North of this the waters of the sea almost touch the foot of the steep slope. Coming westward from the point where the Jordan enters the lake, the mountains approach within a short distance of the sea. Within the apse is a bench subdivided into semicircular, plastered seats. 2, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1989), 158. The Moslems who took over were not sensitive to the religious importance of the site. Although the site was severely damaged, life continued as before, but with a lower living standard. When it comes down to it we really have no idea where the event the narratives are based on took place. Important Roman remains have recently been discovered here. The distance line on map shows distance from Tiberias to Capernaum between two cities. Thats a pretty early source, and hes appealing to an earlier tradition (from which they point out) but whether the entry really reflects ancient tradition is hard to know. Both Gerasa and Gadara were cities to the east of the Sea of Galilee and the River Jordan. Why would he do that? He says that it supplies grapes and figs through ten months of the year, and other fruits as they ripen together throughout the year (same place). On the rocky promontory, however, East of Khan Minyeh we find Sheikh `Aly ec-Caiyadin, "Sheikh Aly of the Fishermen," as the name of a ruined weley, in which the second element in the name Bethsaida is represented. It dominates the center of the compound and covers a spacious area of 12,110 square feet. Both Gerasa and Gadara were cities to the east of the Sea of Galilee and the River Jordan. Distance between Ramat Gan and Capernaum (114,37 km.) It was the seat of one of the councils instituted by Gabinius for the government of the Jews (Ant., XIV, v, 4; BJ, I, viii, 5). The "green grass" of Mark 6:39, and the "much grass" of John 6:10, point to some place in the plain of el-BaTeichah, on the rich soil of which the grass is green and plentiful compared with the scanty herbage on the higher slopes. As Jesus began to get back into the boat, the delivered demoniac pleaded with Him that he might accompany Him. Conclusion: we just dont know where this event is supposed to have taken place. As this is too far from the sea for a fishing village, Schumacher (The Jaulan, 246) suggests that el-`Araj, "a large, completely destroyed site close to the lake," connected in ancient times with et-Tell "by the beautiful roads still visible," may have been the fishing village, and et-Tell the princely residence. (b) To go to the other side-eis to peran (Mark 6:45)-does not of necessity imply passing from the East to the West coast of the lake, since Josephus uses the verb diaperaioo of a passage from Tiberias to Tarichea (Vita, 59). About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. From the northern parts of the lake the Horns of ChaTTin, the traditional Mount of Beatitudes, may be seen through the rocky jaws of the gorge. Modern methods of agriculture are being employed in the Jewish colonies, which are rapidly increasing in number. John 6:1 After these things, Jesus went away to the other side of the sea of Galilee, which is also called the Sea of Tiberias. About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. On the basis of the textual evidence alone, we cannot determine which of these variants is . One of the great Roman roads ran eastward to Der`ah; and an aqueduct has been traced to the pool of el Khab, about 20 miles to the North of Der`ah. It gradually narrows toward the South, taking the shape of a gigantic pear, with a decided bulge to the West. The distance from the Dead Sea to the Sea of Galilee is 104 miles or 167 kilometers. , James R. Edwards, The Gospel according to Mark, The Pillar New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: Eerdmans; Apollos, 2002), 154. It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). v. 37) describe Jesus' healing of the demoniac "Legion" and . Today, it is identified with El-Koursi or Kursi. In 1 Maccabees 11:67 the sea is called "the water of Gennesar" (the Revised Version (British and American) "Gennesareth"). To the Galilee flocked not only pilgrims, but also monks and scholars, searching for the places that Jesus had known. They refuse to drink from the Jordan, alleging that "who drinks Jordan drinks fever." Occasionally, however, tempests break over the lake, in which a boat could hardly live. The ruins are wide and imposing and are better preserved than any others on the East of Jordan. The soil on the level parts around the sea is exceedingly fertile. Description:Modern Jerash lies on both banks of Wady Jerash, about 6 miles from its confluence with Wady ez-Zerqa (the Jabbok). Mark and Luke locate the event in the country of the Gerasenes; Matthew in the country of the Gadarenes thats the geographical problem were going to look at in this post. Now a village is pointed out beside Lake Tiberias, into which the swine rushed down headlong.11. The monastery compound lies at the foot of a hill, on a plain by the Sea of Galilee. This tell is crowned by an ancient Canaanite settlement. MATTHEW. The prosperity of the sixth century abruptly ended with the Persian invasion in 614 A.D. Soon after the sites final abandonment, alluvial soil from the Wadi Samak covered this important Christian holy place. Some would identify the place with RAMOTH-GILEAD, which see.The site is now occupied by a colony of Circassians, and there is reason to fear that, unless something is done to preserve them, many valuable remains of antiquity will perish.W. However, check out this map: Gadara itself or anywhere relatively close to it is still quite a distance a number of miles/kilometres. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 673. In the rooms north of the prayer hall, we found an oil-press, including the crushing, pressing and collecting components. The air cleared, and the wide welter of foam-crested waves attested the fury of the blast. The house of Andrew and Peter seems to have been not far from the synagogue in Capernaum . At this time the residential area was clustered around the church, and most of the former residential quarters were left unrepaired and unsettled. All Im able to say with any confidence is that Matthew felt compelled to change the location of the pigs. According to Luke, the demoniac wears no clothes and lives among the tombs. Matthew 15:29 Jesus departed there, and came near to the sea of Galilee; and he went up into the mountain, and sat there. At the end of the nave is a semicircular apse. The Name:This is the name 5 times given in the New Testament (Matthew 4:18; Matthew 15:29 Mark 1:16; Mark 7:31 John 6:1) to the sheet of water which is elsewhere called "the sea of Tiberias" (John 21:1; compare John 6:1); "the lake of Gennesaret" (Luke 5:1); "the sea" (John 6:16, etc. Ewing. EVENT. He could have followed Mark, but he chose to do something else.9 It seems reasonable to this layman to suggest that maybe Matthew relocated the herd because he knew enough of the geography to say that if this event took place in the country of the Gadarenes the herd couldnt be both on a hillside and close to the shore Gadara was around 5 or 6 miles away from the shore, and the hills that lead from Gadara to the lake are very close to Gadara and a number of miles from the lake. The prayer hall, we can not determine which of these variants is whereas Gerasa and were... 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