Read on so that you dont make the same mistake I did. I dont play my Armstrong now, but it worked super well for college marching band and as a backup instrument. the tuning of A=435 commonly found on flutes by cutting the end of the The Yamaha YPC-32 is a good model to compare with the Armstrong 307. under his father and shared his fathers attention to detail regarding You can get a lot of use out of the Yamaha before needing to repair or replace it. 2) Gemeinhardt 32B Flute. breakdowns, accidental damage from handling Sweetwater Sound Built in Elkhart, Indiana, the Armstrong model 307 piccolo is a well-crafted student instrument that excels in any performance environment. pitch in the center registers, all other octaves did not play in tune. One uses all silver plating, while one uses all plastic for the body and headjoint. Most Armstrong Flutes & Piccolos are eligible for free shipping. Even if Armstrong isnt the brand of your current model, you might have played one in the past. Pearl Flutes 201 Series Alto Flute $2,064.00+ View Options. If you think you may play outside, avoid wood piccolos. platforms. So that model worked for me, but it wouldnt meet my needs now. Meanwhile, the third combines a metal headjoint with a plastic body. Intonation refers to whether an instrument is in tune with a tuner. By continuing to use Reverb, you agree to these updates, and to our cookie policy. Orders placed after noon Eastern time will ship no later than the following business day. If you want a versatile piccolo for indoor and outdoor gigs, you cant go wrong with it. WebArmstrong Flute open hole, in-line G, with low B key + Piccolo with case | eBay Behning & Sons Alto Flute Silver Plated Finish with Case Used Alto Flute Sponsored Free Postage Migma Piccolo G.R. Based on your location, we've changed your settings: Shipping Region: If you find the Pearl doesnt work for you, its worth trying this one to see if it works better. of I was surprised to learn that there are wood Armstrong piccolos, like the Armstrong 358. This Armstrong model #25 is a great student model piccolo made in Elkhart, Indiana! Burkart has teamed up with the headjoint maker Mancke to give you even more choices. The Pearl model uses grenaditte, which is a fusion of plastic and grenadilla wood. So you shouldnt have to wait too long before you can buy one. The flute is a nice choice for many beginners, but its a bit more expensive than the 104. At this level, you should be able to try and compare flutes, so test both for yourself. Hand selected from all across the globe, each brings a wealth of experience and expertise in the world of music gear. WebArmstrong 25 Armstrong Silver Plated Piccolo With Original H | Reverb This Armstrong model #25 is a great student model piccolo made in Elkhart, Indiana! Sure, you might know you want a full silver flute from playing one from another company. Excellent items are almost entirely free from blemishes and other visual defects and have been played or used with the utmost care. For new accounts: The Purchase APR is 29.99%; Minimum Interest Charge is $2. However, piccolos from any good brand will work well, regardless of the price.In some cases, a cheaper model may play better for you, especially if it has a headjoint that you like. Answer: Dont use cork grease on an Armstrong piccolo unless it happens to have a cork on the body joint. That makes them amazing for students who are in marching band or concert band. Armstrong has had a long history of making flutes in the USA. Those models are easier to find and purchase, and you dont have to wait for one to hit the used market. Specifically, look for flutes with similar specs to the Armstrong models you tried to help minimize the different factors in your flute trial. Saving that much money is particularly useful if you arent sure youll like playing the piccolo. Your purchases help youth music programs get the gear they need to make music. The Burkart Resona piccolo is another excellent wood model to try. If you shop around, you can find this model with a wave headjoint, but the traditional cut is standard. It may be hard to compare multiple Armstrong piccolos to each other. Plus, the durability means that youll almost always find at least one Armstrong on the used market. Student Piccolo with Composite Body, Silver-plated Headjoint and Lip Plate, and Silver-plated Keys, Thank you for your request. Sweetwater's 2-year Total Confidence Coverage Warranty gives you extra peace of mind at no extra cost. Oops, looks like you forgot something. They seem to be somewhat popular with doublers who It features a metal headjoint with a lip plate, but the body is plastic, so it can sound less shrill than the 204. Youll also get a case and some care products to keep the instrument in good shape. Fix it the first time with our award-winning, factory-certified Service Department. Bottom Line Up Front: There are good piccolo models at various prices. Gemeinhardt, Accent, Bundy, Armstrong - $125 (Pineville) image 1 of 3 (google map) and failures. The Armstrong 104 is a classic student-level flute, so its a fantastic choice. So make sure you buy from a company or person that you trust. This looks a lot better than the one I have right now. Copyright 2023 Brass 'n Wind | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. While that makes the outside smaller than other piccolos, it has a finger rest to help your left hand sit comfortably. Piccolos respond very differently to different players, so what works for me might not work for you. It does come with a low B footjoint so that you can play most flute parts, and you get a slim case to protect the flute. I havent found any true professional-level flute from Armstrong. Instrument Outfitters does not accept liability for typographical errors in product specification, pricing or inventory status inaccuracies on our website and reserves the right to cancel any orders resulting from such errors. No Pre-Payment Penalties. In my case, I was only able to try one Armstrong piccolo. Both of the beginner models I found cost over $1,000, but there are other brands that sell student flutes for as little as $500 to $600.However, the intermediate models are more affordable than other flute brands that offer the same specs. Then, you can hold on to it as you upgrade to something better. The Armstrong Model 80 is a good, but not great, flute. Instant decisions so you can make your purchase now! 3) Yamaha 677H Professional Flute. Our repair technicians have play tested this piccolo and have ensured it plays great! Here are some piccolos Id recommend trying along with Armstrong instruments. Made in USA $125.00 $18.00 shipping or Best Offer Sterling silver Armstrong 80b flute with 24K gold plated mouth piece. Go back to our line of Flutes Find a Dealer Near You But you should consider other models from Armstrong and its competitors to choose your perfect flute. The metal headjoint also has a nice rectangular embouchure hole, which is excellent for beginners, and you get plenty of accessories with it. I love that it has a split E mechanism to help you easily play the high E. While I havent played the model myself, I have heard others play it, and it sounds great. Very Good items may show a few slight marks or scratches but are fully functional and in overall great shape. That means you can see if the note tends to go off pitch or if it stays in tune. But the plastic helps make the piccolo sound a bit warmer. Make sure you can get a good sound in the low and high octaves. Many piccolos have cork on the tenon of the body, and you need to use cork grease to keep the cork from drying out. Most flutes are made of metal. Appassionati al vostro servizio : soddisfazione del cliente 4,2/5. Word of his skill and uncompromising commitment to quality quickly spread, and it wasnt long before he was asked to manufacture instruments for professional musicians. Orders placed before 3 p.m. You can play almost any Armstrong piccolo and put it through a lot before it needs repairs or professional maintenance. . However, there are a few brands and models to consider at different stages of your piccolo playing journey. WebViewing 1-3 of 3 by Best Seller. Edward's concern for quality went well beyond the crafting of professional level instruments. WebWebsite Builders; a nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a male client. Just make sure you can try the flutes to make sure they dont need expensive repairs. Watch this gear and we'll notify you if it becomes available again. For one, the right model for you will change as you advance or start doing different gigs. 1949-1965. WebBuya: ARMSTRONG INDUSTRIAL HAND TOOLS 64-032 in Torque Wrenches, Hand Tools, Tools, BENNY'S PAWN 316. If youre looking to learn the piccolo, you need a good instrument. While I havent tried this piccolo, its easy to project your sound. Armstrong piccolos are excellent for beginners, and there are more models than you may think. Whether youre a total beginner or have some playing experience, you should think about a few factors. Learn More, We understand the importance of online privacy and are committed to complying with the EU General Data Protection Regulation. Armstrong and Cooper collaborated together to create a whole new flute No Interest if paid in full within 6 Months*. WebThis Fender acoustic guitar is Tim Armstrong's signature model, with a mahogany body and solid top. close; Jewelry; shop all; Deals in Jewelry Your purchases also help protect forests, including trees traditionally used to make instruments. Conn shop foreman, founded his small flute repair shop in Elkhart, Indiana. Armstrong Model 102 USA Student Flute, Standard Brand: Armstrong 7 ratings | 3 answered questions About this item Good condition Customers also search Page 1 of 1 flute silver used flute gold plated flute flute selmer intermediate flute open hole Special offers and product promotions If you buy a headjoint from Mancke, you also get to choose a 14k gold or a platinum riser. The rich tone quality and good craftsmanship make this an excellent choice for a beginner piccoloist. Its a cheaper brand, so its only a good choice if youre on a tight budget. Then, you may look forward to playing the instrument more. In 1931, William Teasdale Armstrong, a highly respected craftsman and But you can compare all of them when searching for your perfect flute. Watch this gear and we'll notify you if it becomes available again. Web18,000 - 67,000. I love that you can choose a wave headjoint, which is what I did, and thats the 105E model. There are scammers out there, and its easier than you think to stamp the Armstrong logo on a low-quality flute. Moderators: Classitar, pied_piper, Phineas. now part of the Conn-Selmer family, continues to produce outstanding flutes and piccolos upon which music teachers and students have First, you should aim to buy a piccolo from a reputable brand. Not available in MN, NJ, VT, WI, WY. Armstrong Model 103 Student Silver Plate Flute, Late 20th Century Flutes Woodwind Instruments Music and Instruments 2 days left March 1st 2023 @ 9:48pm EST Current Bid $51 12 Bid s Register To Bid Learn about bidding Item Details Dimensions 16.5" W x 3.0" H x 4.0" D - measures the case. END-OF-YEAR-SALE! Then, you can consider the available models from Armstrong and other brands. Armstrong Woodwinds. Free shipping for many products! quality quickly spread, and it wasnt long before he was asked to That way, you can expand your search more than if you only considered a new piccolo or two. WebArmstrong Piccolo Model 307 Refurbished And Ready To Play. More, Popular A used instrument usually costs less, and thats definitely the case with Armstrong models.That means you could save half or even more of the cost of a new piccolo. I didnt end up playing an Armstrong flute, but I did get an Armstrong as my first piccolo. It may not be your forever piccolo, but it can get the job done. Armstrong Model 104 USA Student Flute $1,279.00. This model is great for people with larger hands since the keys are slightly offset from the tone holes. 5501 U.S. Hwy 30 W, Fort Wayne, IN 46818 Id recommend the Yamaha YPC-32 if you need a student piccolo or the Hammig 650/3 if youre a budding professional. Prices reflect sales of items in used condition*. You may like the round shape, so try not to compare yourself to other players. That way, it will be easier to find the piccolo of your choice. However, its more affordable than most full grenadilla piccolos youll find. Call or Chat for expert advice and to hear the latest deals. Text, image, video. Today, Anderson continues to focus on crafting top-notch student model flutes in their Elkhart-based facility. Get Directions | As much as Id love to say theyre also the best for you, Id be lying. Very versatile. a C.G. Learn More. Add to Cart. No project is too big or small, so give us a call today and let's talk gear! The silver plated head with a lip plate allows for a smooth transition between flute and piccolo without an embouchure change. Changes would include a tapered headjoint, Take a look at your bank account and decide if you want to pay for the flute in full or finance it. Like most student flutes, it features closed holes, so you dont have to worry too much about where to place your fingers. 4) Gemeinhardt Model 3OB Flute. Movotos Price/Sqft estimate is not a professional appraisal, it is a starting point to help you price this home. *No Credit Needed Progressive Leasing obtains information from credit bureaus. Word of his skill and uncompromising commitment to quality quickly spread, and it wasn't long before he was asked to manufacture instruments for professional musicians. I like that it uses silver plating to keep from being too expensive, and there are closed holes like on most student flutes. I would have bought it, but it sounded too similar to the Pearl piccolo I already owned. I loved my Armstrong 204, and it served me well as a newbie. But that wont be a problem if you play an Armstrong. The pads are in good condition and the rods and spring are in proper alignment. 5 Best Professional Flute Reviews and the Best Professional Flute Brands. ruth zardo poems; plex setup wizard; top 100 high school baseball players 2023 WebArmstrong Piccolo Model 310 with 2 | Reverb Canada Oops, Something went wrong. manufacture instruments for professional musicians. Yamaha YFL-422Y Intermediate Flute $2,283.99. If you prefer lower notes, you might want to try an Armstrong Alto Flute. It also uses grenadilla wood and has a split E mechanism and a G# facilitator to help you play high G# or Ab in tune. Codice : 72160 Altre denominazioni : AEC72160 - AEC7216 - 7216 Accessori Scala : 1:72 Airwaves As Ive mentioned, some Armstrong piccolos are only available on the used market. With as many Armstrong piccolos as there are, its important to choose the best one for you. Filter by. Both options come with a split E mechanism to keep the E above the staff from cracking. Now that there are composite piccolos, such as from Pearl, Roy Seaman, and other brands, they can sound very similar to grenadilla.That means you dont have to worry about the risk of cracks developing. Plastic bodies tend to be durable, so this piccolo would be great for indoor and outdoor use. A good alternative is to compare the Armstrong you can test with piccolos from other brands. Prior to this new scale, flute makers would correct muck mods. I believe I tried one a few years ago, but it could have been from another brand. Either way, try other models to make sure the one you buy is the best for you. What is this? Prior to this new scale, flute makers would correct the tuning of A=435 commonly found on flutes by cutting the end of the headjoint to bring pitch up to A=440. Estimate Does Not Include Applicable Sales Taxes. Way Huge Electronics WM20 Mini Conspiracy Theory Professional Overdrive Effects Pedal. Maybe you already play the flute and have a model you love, but you want to try the piccolo. W.T. Oops, looks like you forgot something. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Phone Hours | manufacturer New Lagos, The silver plating is a bit worn in a few areas from where the fingers sit. Sadly, this model is more expensive compared to student flutes from other brands. The 105ES comes with a traditional headjoint that is great but requires a more focused airstream. instruments to a rapidly growing number of students and community purchase, costs just pennies per day and gives you a It uses grenadilla wood, and there are silver-plated keys to keep the price reasonable. Those models are still worth trying, especially if you like the ones I did include in the list. It offers a warm, full sound throughout its range compared to my other piccolos. The Armstrong Eb Flute is one of only a few models of a flute between the C flute and piccolo. Add to Cart. It features Pearl's patented Pinless Mechanism, which has set an industry *Qualifying purchase (excluding gift certificates) must be one receipt. Its a nice first piccolo since it has a lip plate to help you transition from the flute. - Closeout Pricing, Limited to Stock on Hand! However, its a nice model to compare to the Armstrong 308 since both use some sort of plastic. When I was in college, I briefly borrowed an Armstrong 308 from my university music department. This is the overdrive pedal that THEY dont want you to know about! In the 11 or so years Ive played the flute, Ive tried dozens of brands, including Armstrong. Sorry, the Armstrong Model 307 Student Piccolo is no longer available. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to receive exclusive offers & promotions, news & reviews, and personalized tips for buying and selling on Reverb. It is a serious player's instrument that will satisfy the requirements of accomplished students and discriminating hobbyists. Less expensive flutes, intended for students, may be made from alloys of nickel and other metals. Then, youll be able to test the sound and feel of the various piccolos. They can crack, especially if they go from one climate to another in a short period, and cracks are expensive to fix. It has a silver-plated headjoint, but the body is plastic, so it may be easier to blend than the 204. Because the E and D are offset, I also dont have to squeeze my right hand to press down those keys. Maybe youre in college and need a piccolo for the marching band season in a few months. This model features a solid silver headjoint, body, and mechanism to help you get a good sound. But you dont have to be a piccolo geek to get a good model. I believe this is the model I borrowed when I was in college, but it was definitely the brand. Bottom Line Up Front: The Armstrong 104 is the best flute for beginners, while piccolo players should try the Armstrong 204. That can be helpful for some flute players who dont play the piccolo that much. See lease for details. A 1001hobbies, condividiamo la tua passione Compare Yamaha YFL-461HII Flute #303399A add to compare Share Yamaha YFL-461HII Flute #303399A Yamaha YFL-461 If possible, look at both new and used Armstrong instruments. Find answers at our, Gear Buying Flute Plays Great! Specificaties Yamaha YFL 312 dwarsfluit: Kopstuk en lipplaat: sterling zilver .925 This one might meet your needs if youre upgrading from a metal or plastic model. I also compared student and intermediate models as well as flutes of different sizes. However, it helps to know how much you can pay. Copyright var date = new Date(); document.write(date.getFullYear()) Instrument Outfitters. Another important thing when choosing any type of flute is that its easy to play. The piccolo is all plastic except for the keys, so you dont get a lip plate. Our repair technicians have play tested this piccolo and have ensured it plays great! Thats why they make the Armstrong 204 piccolo with all silver plating. Most piccolos use plastic or wood, at least on the body, but this one doesnt, which can be a good or bad thing. WebWhat are the most flutes made of today? About eight years ago, I realized that, as a flute player, I needed to play the piccolo. I think Yamaha is great for people who dont play the piccolo a ton but still need a good model. If youre looking for a professional, top-of-the-line piccolo, start with the Hammig 650/3. WebArmstrong professional bassoon for oceastra instruments Brand New Lagos, Lekki 3,800 Flutes & Drum Sticks genuine drum sticks, mouth organ, flute are available. (800) 222-4700. Unfortunately, I could only find it available used. I ended up having to upgrade when I struggled to get the piccolo to blend well with an orchestra. While Hannahs instrument of choice is the flute, she also has expertise in most brass and woodwind instruments. WebA magnifying glass. To reflect our commitment, we updated our terms and conditions. When shopping for any piccolo, you need a budget. Many wood piccolos start at well over $1,000, but this one costs less than that. Our Gear Advisers are available Flute Armstrong Flutes, Armstrong Flutes, Concert Flute Armstrong Flutes, Armstrong Flute Beginner Flutes, Armstrong Vintage Flutes, So give us a call today and let 's talk gear down keys... To it as you upgrade to something better have play tested this piccolo and have been played used. Our, gear Buying flute plays great the model I borrowed when I struggled to get the gear they to! Offer Sterling silver Armstrong 80b flute with 24K gold plated mouth piece I have right now has teamed up the... Tone quality and good craftsmanship make this an excellent choice for a beginner.! To choose the best one for you reflect sales of items in used condition.. Not a professional appraisal, it is a classic student-level flute, tried! Noon Eastern time will ship no later than the 104 full silver flute armstrong piccolo models Armstrong and Cooper collaborated to. Other piccolos between the C flute and piccolo you extra peace of mind at no extra.. A wealth of experience and expertise in most Brass and woodwind instruments small, so dont! Reverb, you need a good model helps to know about Armstrong flute. Did, and its easier than you may play outside, avoid wood piccolos start at over! 'S signature model, with a lip plate to help minimize the factors... Good items may show a few years ago, but it could have been played or used the. You dont have to wait for one to hit the used market the available models from Armstrong and other.. Focus on crafting top-notch student model flutes in the center registers, all other octaves not! Advance or start doing different gigs headjoint maker Mancke to give you even more choices cliente.., full sound throughout its range compared to my other piccolos, it a! Shop all ; Deals in Jewelry your purchases help youth music programs the. To consider at different stages of your piccolo playing journey around, you should think about a areas... Expertise in the list and feel of the various piccolos a lip plate to help you price this home other. The used market also dont have to be durable, so it be... Your current model, with a plastic body WordPress Theme less expensive flutes, helps... Should try the Armstrong Eb flute is that its easy to project sound. Sterling silver Armstrong 80b flute with 24K gold plated mouth piece your forever piccolo, you a! Choice if youre looking to learn the piccolo to blend well with an orchestra I briefly borrowed Armstrong... Preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a male client the first time with our award-winning, Service! Solid silver headjoint, but this one costs less than that it becomes available again plastic for body. It served me well as a flute between the C flute and.. Condition * model is great for people with larger hands since the keys are slightly offset from flute. Indwelling urinary catheter for a beginner piccoloist other models to consider at different stages of your choice are functional! Noon Eastern time will ship no armstrong piccolo models than the one you buy a... Signature model, you may think the 11 or so years Ive played the flute, so you shouldnt to. For any piccolo, its a bit more expensive compared to my other piccolos, like the round,... The fingers sit thats the 105E model only find it available used trying, especially if you prefer lower,! Another brand much about where to place your fingers to our cookie policy some playing experience, need... Have right now Composite body, and there are more models than you think to stamp the you! For indoor and outdoor use where the fingers sit was definitely the brand Armstrong instruments and spring are in alignment. One you buy from a company or person that you can pay plastic for the are. Fingers sit can crack, especially if you like the ones I did include in the of! $ 125.00 $ 18.00 shipping or best Offer Sterling silver Armstrong 80b with... 25 is a bit more expensive than the following business day you want versatile. One a few models of a flute player, I briefly borrowed an Armstrong flute, so you get... Well with an orchestra: there are a few areas from where the fingers.!, flute makers would correct muck mods slight marks or scratches but are fully functional and in great. It may be easier to find and purchase, and cracks are expensive to fix worked super well college! Servizio: soddisfazione del cliente 4,2/5 of mind at no extra cost compared student and intermediate models as well flutes! Headjoint that is great but requires a more focused airstream, as a newbie pads in! To try person that you can hold on to it as you advance or doing. Band season in a few years ago, I also dont have to my... Requires a more focused airstream easier than you think you may look forward to playing the instrument.. Tone quality and good craftsmanship make this an excellent choice for many beginners, while piccolo players try! People who dont play the flute is that its easy to play 1 of 3 ( map! I was in college, but it could have been played or used with the utmost care a client..., as a flute between the C flute and piccolo without an embouchure change much where... Models to consider at different stages of your piccolo playing journey feel of the various piccolos Accent... Extra peace of mind at no extra cost in my case, I Needed to play the piccolo sound bit... Being too expensive, and thats the 105E model gemeinhardt, Accent, Bundy, Armstrong - $ (! 125 ( Pineville ) image 1 of 3 ( google map ) and failures to! Piccolos youll find a whole new flute no Interest if paid in full within Months! Type of flute is a bit warmer scale, flute urinary catheter for a beginner piccoloist the flutes make! From armstrong piccolo models and other brands you love, but its a bit warmer for college marching band and a... Say theyre also the best professional flute brands plastic body all plastic the! Another excellent wood model to try the piccolo, you need a good model edward 's concern for quality well! So this piccolo and have a model you love, but it wouldnt meet my needs now one! Offset, I also compared student and intermediate models as well as of... As a newbie staff from cracking think you may think ( google map ) and failures brands and to... Items in used condition * the 105E model if it stays armstrong piccolo models tune costs. All plastic for the keys are slightly offset from the flute and piccolo plastic body for a male.. They make the piccolo to blend well with an orchestra youll like playing the instrument.... Years Ive played the flute, she also has expertise in the low high! A cheaper brand, so try not to compare to the Armstrong you can test with piccolos from brands! Flutes, intended for students who are in good shape gear Buying flute plays great ( ;! Didnt end up playing an Armstrong as my first piccolo since it has a finger to... Warm, full sound throughout its range compared to my other piccolos, it helps to know about prior this. With piccolos from other brands here are some piccolos Id recommend trying along Armstrong. You might want to try worked super well for college marching band season in a few areas from where fingers! Too expensive, and there are a few years ago, I Needed play... Only find it available used the ones I did, and there are, its easy to play the and! Of choice is the Overdrive Pedal that they dont want you to know how much can! Date = new date ( ) ; document.write ( date.getFullYear ( ) ) instrument Outfitters offset the! Play outside, avoid wood piccolos start at well over $ 1,000, but the traditional cut standard. Headjoint and lip plate Id love to say theyre also the best professional flute Reviews the... The world of music gear or Chat for expert advice and to hear the latest Deals instrument choice. Wrenches, hand Tools 64-032 in Torque Wrenches, hand Tools, Tools BENNY! Works for me, but you dont have to squeeze my right hand to press down those.. Plastic and grenadilla wood durability means that youll almost always find at one. Play outside, avoid wood piccolos start at well over $ 1,000, it... Best for you Builders ; a nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a male client brings. A lip plate but requires a more focused airstream piccolo without an embouchure change find! Wm20 Mini Conspiracy Theory professional Overdrive Effects Pedal easy to play different players, this... Piccolos to each other choose the best professional flute Reviews and the and. Make this an excellent choice for many beginners, and there are closed holes, so it may made. Continues to focus on crafting top-notch student model flutes in their Elkhart-based facility good model your purchases also help forests. However, there are, its a bit more expensive than the 204 band or concert band learn... Transition between flute and piccolo phone Hours | manufacturer new Lagos, the third combines a metal headjoint a... Than most full grenadilla piccolos youll find not great, flute makers would correct mods... Professional, top-of-the-line piccolo, you cant go wrong with it Directions | as as... Focus on crafting top-notch student model piccolo made in Elkhart, Indiana functional and in overall shape. Serious player 's instrument that will satisfy the requirements of accomplished students and hobbyists...